ABSTRACT
A detailed work of reference and scholarship, this one volume Encyclopedia includes discussions of all the fundamental issues in Tolkien scholarship written by the leading scholars in the field.
Coverage not only presents the most recent scholarship on J. R. R. Tolkien, but also introduces and explores the author and scholar's life and work within their historical and cultural contexts. Tolkien's fiction and his sources of influence are examined along with his artistic and academic achievements- including his translations of medieval texts- teaching posts, linguistic works, and the languages he created. The 550 alphabetically arranged entries fall within the following categories of topics: adaptations; art and illustrations; characters in Tolkien's work; critical history and scholarship; influence of Tolkien; languages; biography; literary sources; literature; creatures and peoples of Middle-earth; objects in Tolkien's work; places in Tolkien's work; reception of Tolkien; medieval scholars; scholarship by Tolkien; medieval literature; stylistic elements; themes in Tolkien's works; Theological/ philosophical concepts and philosophers; Tolkien's contemporary history and culture; works of literature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
entry |2 pages
Ab Language
entry |2 pages
Adventures of Tom Bombadil
entry |2 pages
Ælfwine (old English “elf-Friend”)
entry |1 pages
Alcuin (ca. 735-804)
entry |1 pages
Aldhelm (d. 709 or 710)
entry |3 pages
Allegory
entry |2 pages
Alliteration
entry |2 pages
Alliterative Revival
entry |2 pages
Alliterative Verse by Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Alphabets, Invented
entry |2 pages
America in the 1960s: Reception of Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Ancrene Wisse
entry |2 pages
Angband
entry |2 pages
Angels
entry |3 pages
Animals in Tolkien's Works
entry |2 pages
Aquinas, Thomas
entry |3 pages
Aragorn
entry |2 pages
Arda
entry |2 pages
Arkenstone
entry |2 pages
Arms and Armor
entry |6 pages
Art and Illustrations by Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Arthurian Literature
entry |2 pages
Arthurian Romance
entry |2 pages
Artistic Movements
entry |2 pages
Artists and Illustrators' Influence on Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Arwen
entry |1 pages
Asceticism
entry |3 pages
Astronomy and Cosmology, Middle-Earth
entry |2 pages
Auden, W.h.: Influence of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Augustine of Canterbury, Saint, First Archbishop of Canterbury (d. C. 604)
entry |2 pages
Augustine of Hippo
entry |2 pages
Authorship
entry |3 pages
Bakshi, Ralph (1938-)
entry |2 pages
Barfield, Owen (1898-1997)
entry |2 pages
Barrie, J.m. (1860–1937)
entry |2 pages
Battle of Maldon, the
entry |2 pages
Bede (st. Bede the Venerable, Old English Bæda) (672?–735)
entry |2 pages
Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter (1911-81)
entry |1 pages
Beorn
entry |1 pages
Beowulf and the Critics
entry |3 pages
“beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics”
entry |2 pages
Beowulf: Tolkien's Scholarship
entry |1 pages
Beowulf: Translations by Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Beren
entry |3 pages
Bible
entry |3 pages
Bilbo Baggins
entry |2 pages
Biology of Middle-Earth
entry |1 pages
Bliss, Alan (1921-1985)
entry |1 pages
Bodleian Library, Oxford
entry |3 pages
Book of Lost Tales I
entry |5 pages
Book of Lost Tales II
entry |1 pages
Boromir
entry |2 pages
Bournemouth
entry |1 pages
Boyens, Philippa
entry |2 pages
Brut by Layamon
entry |2 pages
Buchan, John (1875-1940)
entry |2 pages
Butler, Samuel (1835-1902)
entry |2 pages
Caedmon
entry |2 pages
Calendars
entry |3 pages
Capitalism
entry |1 pages
Carolingians
entry |5 pages
Catholicism, Roman
entry |1 pages
Cave, the
entry |3 pages
Caves and Mines
entry |1 pages
Cecil, Lord David (1902-86)
entry |2 pages
Charms
entry |2 pages
“chaucer as Philologist: The Reeve's Tale”
entry |2 pages
Childhood of Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Children's Literature and Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Christ
entry |2 pages
Christ: “advent Lyrics”
entry |3 pages
Christian Readings of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Christianity
entry |1 pages
Church of England
entry |2 pages
Class in Tolkien's Work
entry |1 pages
Coghill, Nevill Henry Kendal Aylmer (1899-1980)
entry |2 pages
Collecting
entry |2 pages
Colors
entry |2 pages
Comedy
entry |2 pages
Communism
entry |2 pages
Criticism of Tolkien, Twentieth Century
entry |1 pages
Cruces in Medieval Literature
entry |2 pages
Cynewulf
entry |1 pages
Dagnall, Susan (1910-52)
entry |3 pages
Danes: Contributions to English Culture
entry |2 pages
Danish Language
entry |2 pages
Dante
entry |2 pages
D'ardenne, S.r.t.o. (1899-1986)
entry |2 pages
Darkness
entry |2 pages
Death
entry |1 pages
Denethor
entry |1 pages
Denham Tracts, the
entry |2 pages
Denmark: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Deor
entry |2 pages
Descent
entry |2 pages
Despair (wanhope)
entry |2 pages
Devils Coach-Horses
entry |2 pages
Devils
entry |1 pages
Doors and Gates
entry |2 pages
Doubles
entry |3 pages
Dragons
entry |2 pages
Dramatizations: Stage and Spoken
entry |2 pages
Dreams
entry |2 pages
Druids
entry |1 pages
Dundas-grant, Jim (1896-1985)
entry |2 pages
Dutch Language
entry |2 pages
Dwarves
entry |2 pages
Dyson, Hugo (1896-1975)
entry |2 pages
Eärendil
entry |2 pages
Earth
entry |2 pages
East, the
entry |2 pages
Easterlings
entry |5 pages
Education
entry |1 pages
Egypt: Relationship to Númenóreans
entry |2 pages
Eldamar
entry |1 pages
Elements
entry |2 pages
Elendilmir
entry |2 pages
Elessar
entry |2 pages
Elf-shot
entry |2 pages
Elrond
entry |3 pages
Elves
entry |3 pages
Elves: Kindreds and Migrations
entry |2 pages
Elves: Reincarnation
entry |5 pages
Elvish Compositions and Grammars
entry |2 pages
Enchantment
entry |3 pages
England, Twentieth Century
entry |2 pages
“english and Welsh”
entry |2 pages
Ents
entry |1 pages
Environmentalism and Eco-Criticism
entry |2 pages
Environmentalist Readings of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Éomer
entry |2 pages
Éowyn
entry |2 pages
Epic Poetry
entry |2 pages
Eru
entry |1 pages
Esperanto
entry |4 pages
Essays Presented to Charles Williams
entry |2 pages
Estate
entry |2 pages
Eucatastrophe
entry |2 pages
Eucharist
entry |2 pages
Exile
entry |2 pages
Existentialism
entry |2 pages
Exodus, Edition of
entry |3 pages
Faërie
entry |2 pages
Fairies
entry |2 pages
Fairyology, Victorian
entry |2 pages
Fall of Man
entry |1 pages
Family Background
entry |2 pages
Family Trees
entry |2 pages
Fan Art
entry |2 pages
Fan Fiction
entry |6 pages
Fandom
entry |2 pages
Faramir
entry |2 pages
Farmer Giles of Ham
entry |2 pages
Farmer Giles
entry |2 pages
Father Christmas Letters
entry |2 pages
Father Christmas
entry |2 pages
Fëanor
entry |2 pages
Feminist Readings of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Fictionality
entry |2 pages
Film Scripts, Unused
entry |4 pages
Finland: Literary Sources
entry |2 pages
Finland: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Finn and Hengest
entry |1 pages
Finnish Language
entry |2 pages
Finrod
entry |2 pages
Finwë and Míriel
entry |1 pages
Folklore
entry |1 pages
Food
entry |2 pages
Fortune and Fate
entry |2 pages
“a Fourteenth-Century Romance”
entry |3 pages
Frame Narrative
entry |2 pages
France and French Culture
entry |2 pages
France: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
“francis Thompson”: Article for Exeter College Essay Club
entry |2 pages
Free Will
entry |2 pages
French Language
entry |3 pages
Frodo
entry |2 pages
Galadriel
entry |3 pages
Gaming
entry |3 pages
Gandalf
entry |1 pages
Garm
entry |2 pages
Gaze
entry |1 pages
Geach, E.f.a.: “romance”
entry |3 pages
Gender in Tolkien's Works
entry |1 pages
Genesis
entry |2 pages
German Folktale: Deutsche Mythologie
entry |1 pages
German Race Laws
entry |2 pages
German: Modern
entry |2 pages
Germany
entry |2 pages
Germany, Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Gibbon, Edward: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
entry |1 pages
Gilson, Robert Quilter (1893-1916)
entry |3 pages
Gimli
entry |2 pages
Glorfindel
entry |3 pages
Goldberry
entry |3 pages
Gollum
entry |2 pages
Gondor
entry |2 pages
Good and Evil
entry |2 pages
Gordon, E.v. (1896-1938)
entry |2 pages
Gordon, Ida (1907-)
entry |2 pages
Gothic Language
entry |3 pages
Goths
entry |2 pages
Grammar
entry |1 pages
Great Haywood
entry |2 pages
Greece: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Greek Gods
entry |2 pages
Green, Roger Lancelyn (1918-87)
entry |1 pages
Gregory the Great (c. 540–604)
entry |2 pages
Gríma (wormtongue)
entry |2 pages
Grove, Jennie (1860-1938)
entry |1 pages
Guthlac, Poem
entry |2 pages
Guthlac, Saint
entry |1 pages
Haigh, Walter E. (1856-1931)
entry |2 pages
Havard, Humphrey (1901-85)
entry |1 pages
Health and Medicine
entry |2 pages
Heathenism and Paganism
entry |2 pages
Heaven
entry |2 pages
Hell
entry |3 pages
Heroes and Heroism
entry |3 pages
Hierarchy
entry |2 pages
History of Middle-Earth: Overview
entry |4 pages
History, Anglo-Saxon
entry |3 pages
Hobbit, the
entry |2 pages
Hobbiton
entry |3 pages
Hobbits
entry |2 pages
Holy Maiden Hood by J. Furnival: Review by Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Homecoming of Beorhtnoth
entry |2 pages
Homer
entry |2 pages
Homosexuality
entry |2 pages
Howard, Robert E. (1906-36)
entry |2 pages
Humor
entry |2 pages
Hungary: Reception of Tolkien
entry |1 pages
Huns
entry |2 pages
I Lam Na Ngolda Thon: The Grammar and Lexicon of the Gnomish Tongue
entry |2 pages
Immortality
entry |2 pages
Incarnation
entry |2 pages
Industrialization
entry |4 pages
Inklings
entry |1 pages
Ireland
entry |2 pages
Italian Language
entry |2 pages
Italy: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
‘iþþlen' in Sawles Warde
entry |8 pages
Jackson, Peter
entry |2 pages
Japan: Reception of Tolkien
entry |1 pages
Jewels
entry |2 pages
Jones, Gwyn
entry |2 pages
Jordanes: History of the Goths
entry |2 pages
Joyce, James (1882-1941)
entry |2 pages
Judaism
entry |2 pages
Juliana
entry |2 pages
Jungian Theory
entry |2 pages
Justice and Injustice
entry |2 pages
Katherine Group
entry |2 pages
King Alfred
entry |2 pages
Kingship
entry |2 pages
Knowledge
entry |2 pages
Koivië-néni And Cuiviénen
entry |2 pages
Kolbítar
entry |1 pages
Kôr
entry |2 pages
Langland, William
entry |4 pages
Language, Theories of
entry |1 pages
Languages: Early Introduction and Interest
entry |13 pages
Languages Invented by Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Latin Language
entry |3 pages
Latin Literature
entry |2 pages
Law
entry |3 pages
Lays of Beleriand, the
entry |1 pages
Leechbook and Herbarium
entry |2 pages
Leeds
entry |2 pages
Leeds University Verse 1914-24
entry |2 pages
Legolas
entry |2 pages
Lembas
entry |3 pages
Letters of J.r.r. Tolkien, the
entry |5 pages
Lewis, C.s. (1898-1963)
entry |2 pages
Lewis, Warren Hamilton (1895-1973)
entry |2 pages
Library, Personal
entry |2 pages
Light
entry |4 pages
Literary Context, Twentieth Century
entry |13 pages
Literary Influences, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
entry |5 pages
Literature, Twentieth Century: Influence of Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Lombardic Language
entry |2 pages
Lonely Mountain (erebor)
entry |6 pages
Lord of the Rings, the
entry |3 pages
Lord of the Rings, The: Success of
entry |3 pages
Lost Road, the
entry |2 pages
Lothlórien
entry |2 pages
Lúthien
entry |2 pages
Lyme Regis
entry |1 pages
Lyric Poetry
entry |2 pages
Macdonald, George (1824–1905)
entry |2 pages
Magic: Middle-Earth
entry |2 pages
Maiar
entry |1 pages
Mandos
entry |3 pages
Manuscripts by Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Manuscripts, Medieval
entry |4 pages
Maps
entry |3 pages
Marriage
entry |2 pages
Marxist Readings of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Mathew, Fr. Anthony Gervase (1905-76)
entry |1 pages
Mccallum, Ronald Buchanan (1898-1973)
entry |2 pages
Melian
entry |2 pages
Memory
entry |4 pages
Men, Middle-Earth
entry |2 pages
Merchandising
entry |2 pages
Mercy
entry |2 pages
Merry
entry |2 pages
“middle English ‘losenger:, A Sketch of an Etymological and Semantic Inquiry”
entry |2 pages
Middle English Vocabulary, a (1922)
entry |7 pages
Middle-earth
entry |2 pages
Milton
entry |2 pages
Mirkwood
entry |2 pages
Missions from Anglo-Saxon England
entry |2 pages
Misty Mountains
entry |2 pages
Mithril
entry |2 pages
Monsters
entry |1 pages
Mordor
entry |2 pages
Morgan, Father Francis
entry |2 pages
Morgoth and Melkor
entry |3 pages
Morgoth's Ring
entry |2 pages
Moria
entry |3 pages
Morris, William
entry |2 pages
Mountains
entry |2 pages
Mr. Bliss
entry |2 pages
‘‘ms Bodley 34: A Re-Collation Of a Collation''
entry |2 pages
Music in Middle-Earth
entry |3 pages
‘mythology for England'
entry |3 pages
Mythology, Celtic
entry |2 pages
Mythology, Germanic
entry |2 pages
“Mythopoeia”
entry |2 pages
Nature
entry |2 pages
Nazi Party
entry |1 pages
Neave, Jane (1872-1963)
entry |2 pages
Netherlands: Reception of Tolkien
entry |1 pages
New Glossary of the Dialect of the Huddersfield District, a
entry |2 pages
“nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings”
entry |2 pages
Norman Conquest
entry |2 pages
Northern Venture, a
entry |2 pages
North Polar Bear
entry |2 pages
Northern Courage
entry |2 pages
Norway: Reception of Tolkien
entry |1 pages
Norwegian Language
entry |1 pages
Obituary for Henry Bradley
entry |4 pages
Old English
entry |1 pages
Old English Apollonius of Tyre, Edited by Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Old French Literature
entry |2 pages
Old High German
entry |2 pages
Old High German Literature
entry |1 pages
Old Man Willow
entry |2 pages
Old Mercian
entry |2 pages
Old Norse Language
entry |7 pages
Old Norse Literature
entry |1 pages
Old Norse Translations
entry |4 pages
“on Fairy-Stories”
entry |2 pages
“on Translating Beowulf”
entry |2 pages
One Ring, the
entry |3 pages
Oral Tradition
entry |2 pages
Orality
entry |2 pages
Orfeo, Sir
entry |2 pages
Owl and the Nightingale, the
entry |11 pages
Oxford
entry |2 pages
Palantíri
entry |2 pages
Paradise
entry |2 pages
Parodies
entry |2 pages
Pearl: Edition by E.v. Gordon
entry |2 pages
Penance
entry |2 pages
Peoples of Middle-Earth
entry |2 pages
Phial
entry |2 pages
Philately
entry |1 pages
Philo-semitism
entry |3 pages
Pilgrimage
entry |1 pages
Pippin
entry |2 pages
Plants
entry |2 pages
Plato
entry |2 pages
Poems by Tolkien in Other Languages
entry |3 pages
Poems by Tolkien: The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
entry |4 pages
Poems by Tolkien: The History of Middle-Earth
entry |3 pages
Poems by Tolkien: The Hobbit
entry |11 pages
Poems by Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings
entry |4 pages
Poems by Tolkien: Uncollected
entry |2 pages
Poland: Reception of Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Politics
entry |3 pages
Popular Music
entry |2 pages
Possessiveness
entry |2 pages
Power in Tolkien's Works
entry |2 pages
Prehistory: “cavemen”
entry |2 pages
Pride
entry |2 pages
Prophecy
entry |2 pages
Prose Style
entry |2 pages
Pseudonym: Bagpuize, K.
entry |2 pages
Publications, Posthumous
entry |2 pages
Publishing History
entry |2 pages
Enyaqetsa: The Quenya Phonology and Lexicon
entry |2 pages
Quest Narrative
entry |2 pages
Race and Ethnicity in Tolkien's Works
entry |2 pages
Race in Tolkien Films
entry |1 pages
Racism, Charges of
entry |3 pages
Rankin/bass Productions, Inc.
entry |1 pages
Ransome, Arthur
entry |2 pages
Redemption
entry |2 pages
Report on the Exca Vation of the Prehistoric, Roman and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire
entry |2 pages
Resurrection
entry |2 pages
Return of the Shadow
entry |2 pages
Reynolds, R.w. (1867-1948)
entry |2 pages
Rhetoric
entry |2 pages
Riddles
entry |2 pages
Riddles: Sources
entry |2 pages
Ring-giving
entry |2 pages
Rings
entry |2 pages
Rings of Power
entry |2 pages
Rivendell
entry |2 pages
Road Goes Ever On, the
entry |2 pages
Rohan
entry |2 pages
Roman History
entry |2 pages
Romances: Middle English and French
entry |2 pages
Roverandom
entry |2 pages
Runes
entry |2 pages
Russia: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Russian Language
entry |2 pages
Sacrifice
entry |2 pages
Saint Brendan
entry |1 pages
Saint John
entry |2 pages
Saint Oswald
entry |1 pages
Saints
entry |2 pages
Sam
entry |2 pages
Saracens and Moors
entry |2 pages
Saruman
entry |2 pages
Satan and Lucifer
entry |2 pages
Sauron
entry |2 pages
Sauron Defea Ted
entry |2 pages
Saxo Grammaticus
entry |1 pages
Sayers, Dorothy Leigh (1893-1957)
entry |5 pages
Scholars of Medieval Literature, Influence of
entry |2 pages
Seafarer, the
entry |2 pages
Seafarer: Ida Gordon Edition
entry |2 pages
‘‘secret Vice, A''
entry |3 pages
Sexuality in Tolkien's Works
entry |2 pages
Shakespeare
entry |3 pages
Shaping of Middle-Earth
entry |2 pages
Shelob
entry |2 pages
Shire, the
entry |5 pages
Silmarillion, the
entry |2 pages
Silmarils
entry |2 pages
Sin
entry |2 pages
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Sir Orfeo, Edited by Christopher Tolkien
entry |3 pages
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Edition with E.v. Gordon
entry |2 pages
Smith, Geoffrey Bache (1894-1916)
entry |2 pages
Smith of Wootton Major
entry |2 pages
Smith of Wootton Major (character)
entry |1 pages
Solomon and Sa Turn
entry |2 pages
“some Contributions to Middle-English Lexicography”
entry |2 pages
Song Contests
entry |2 pages
South, the
entry |2 pages
Spain: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Spanish Language
entry |2 pages
Spenser, Edmund
entry |2 pages
Spring Harvest, A: G. Bache Smith, Ed. J.r.r. Tolkien
entry |1 pages
Subject Theory and Semiotics
entry |1 pages
Suffield Family
entry |2 pages
Suicide
entry |2 pages
Sweden: Reception of Tolkien
entry |1 pages
Swedish Language
entry |2 pages
Symbolism in Tolkien's Works
entry |2 pages
Taniquetil
entry |1 pages
Tavrobel (or Tathrobel)
entry |2 pages
T.c.b.s. (tea Club and Barrovian Society)
entry |2 pages
Technological Subcultures: Reception of Tolkien
entry |2 pages
Technology in Middle-Earth
entry |2 pages
Television: U.s. Coverage
entry |2 pages
Tertullian
entry |3 pages
Textual History: Errors and Emendations
entry |2 pages
Textuality
entry |1 pages
Theoden
entry |3 pages
Theological and Moral Approaches in Tolkien's Works
entry |2 pages
Theology in the Lord of the Rings
entry |1 pages
Thingol
entry |2 pages
Thorin Oakenshield
entry |4 pages
Time
entry |2 pages
Time Travel
entry |1 pages
Tol Eressëa
entry |2 pages
Tolkien Reader, the
entry |2 pages
Tolkien Remembered: Humphrey Carpenter
entry |2 pages
Tolkien Scholarship: An Overview
entry |3 pages
Tolkien Scholarship: First Decades: 1954;1980
entry |4 pages
Tolkien Scholarship: Institutions
entry |4 pages
Tolkien Scholarship: Since 1980
entry |2 pages
Tolkien, Arthur Reuel (1857-96)
entry |1 pages
Tolkien, Baillie (1941-)
entry |3 pages
Tolkien, Christopher Reuel
entry |2 pages
Tolkien, Faith
entry |1 pages
Tolkien, Hilary (1894-1976)
entry |2 pages
Tolkien, John (1917-2003)
entry |2 pages
Tolkien (née Suffield), Mabel (1870-1904)
entry |2 pages
Tolkien, Michael (1920-84)
entry |1 pages
Tolkien, Priscilla (1929-)
entry |1 pages
Tolkien, Simon (1959-)
entry |2 pages
Tom Bombadil
entry |1 pages
Tour in the Alps, 1911
entry |2 pages
Towers
entry |2 pages
Treason
entry |3 pages
Treason of Isengard, the
entry |2 pages
Tree and Leaf
entry |2 pages
Treebeard
entry |3 pages
Trees
entry |1 pages
Trench Fever
entry |2 pages
Túrin
entry |2 pages
Turville-petre, Joan
entry |1 pages
Two Trees
entry |2 pages
Tyranny
entry |1 pages
Undersea Landscape: Features Named after Tolkien Characters
entry |3 pages
Unfinished Tales
entry |1 pages
Ungoliant (q., Ungol, Spider + Liante, Tendril)
entry |2 pages
Valar
entry |2 pages
Vale of the White Horse
entry |1 pages
“valedictory Address”
entry |2 pages
Valinor
entry |1 pages
Viking Raids
entry |2 pages
Violence
entry |2 pages
Virgil
entry |1 pages
Wain, John (1925-1994)
entry |2 pages
Wanderer, the
entry |3 pages
War
entry |2 pages
War of the Jewels, the
entry |2 pages
War of the Ring, the
entry |1 pages
Warwick
entry |3 pages
Weapons, Named
entry |2 pages
Welsh Language
entry |1 pages
Whitby
entry |2 pages
Wilderland
entry |2 pages
Williams, Charles Walter Stansby (1886-1945)
entry |2 pages
Wiseman, Christopher (1893-1987)
entry |2 pages
Wizards
entry |1 pages
Wolvercote Cemetery
entry |3 pages
Women in Tolkien's Works
entry |4 pages
World War I
entry |3 pages
World War II
entry |1 pages
Wyke-smith, E.a. and the Mar Vellous Land of Snergs
entry |2 pages
Ylfe, Álfar, Elves