ABSTRACT
Electric substations exist in almost every neighborhood and in every city. ey are adjacent to or within the town proper of every small town. ey exist in isolated, remote, and rural areas. More o¢en than not, they exist next to every major commercial or industrial facility in the country. ey range in size from fused cutouts that separate a couple of feeders to huge substations covering tens of acres. ey exist at voltages up to 765 kV AC and ±500 kV DC.
