ABSTRACT
With unprecedented current coverage of the profound changes in the nature and practice of science in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe, this comprehensive reference work addresses the individuals, ideas, and institutions that defined culture in the age when the modern perception of nature, of the universe, and of our place in it is said to have emerged.
Covering the historiography of the period, discussions of the Scientific Revolution's impact on its contemporaneous disciplines, and in-depth analyses of the importance of historical context to major developments in the sciences, The Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution is an indispensible resource for students and researchers in the history and philosophy of science.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
letter |101 pages
A
entry |7 pages
Académie Royale des Sciences
entry |4 pages
Academies
entry |2 pages
Accademia dei Lincei
entry |3 pages
Accademia del Cimento
entry |1 pages
Acosta, José de (ca. 1540–1600)
entry |2 pages
Acoustics
entry |2 pages
Acta eruditorum
entry |2 pages
Active Principles
entry |1 pages
Aerostatics.
entry |2 pages
Agricola, Georgius (1494–1555)
entry |1 pages
Agriculture
entry |2 pages
Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (1486–1535)
entry |2 pages
Air Pump
entry |4 pages
Alchemy
entry |2 pages
Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522–1605)
entry |3 pages
Algebra
entry |1 pages
Almanacs
entry |3 pages
Analytic Geometry
entry |5 pages
Anatomy
entry |1 pages
Andreae, Johann Valentin (1586–1654)
entry |2 pages
Anthropology and Race
entry |2 pages
Apian, Peter (1495–1552)
entry |1 pages
Apothecaries.
entry |2 pages
Archaeology and Antiquities
entry |1 pages
Architecture
entry |8 pages
Aristotelianism
entry |1 pages
Arnauld, Antoine (1612–1694)
entry |4 pages
Art
entry |2 pages
Ashmole, Elias (1617–1692)
entry |2 pages
Astrolabe
entry |3 pages
Astrology
entry |3 pages
Astronomical tables and Ephemerides
entry |9 pages
Astronomy
entry |6 pages
Atomism
entry |3 pages
Attraction
entry |2 pages
Automata
entry |1 pages
Auzout, Adrien (1622–1691)
letter |76 pages
B
entry |7 pages
Bacon, Francis (1561–1626)
entry |3 pages
Baconianism
entry |1 pages
Baliani, Giovanni Battista (1582–1666)
entry |2 pages
Ballistics and Gunnery
entry |1 pages
Barometer
entry |2 pages
Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677)
entry |1 pages
Bartholin, Erasmus (1625–1698)
entry |1 pages
Bartholin, Thomas (1616–1680)
entry |1 pages
Basso, Sebastian (fl. 1560–1625)
entry |1 pages
Bauhin, Gaspard (1560–1624) and Jean (1541–1613)
entry |2 pages
Becher, Johann Joachim (1635–1682)
entry |2 pages
Beeckman, Isaac (1588–1637)
entry |1 pages
Beguin, Jean (ca. 1550–ca. 1620)
entry |1 pages
Bellini, Lorenzo (1643–1704)
entry |2 pages
Belon, Pierre (1517–1564)
entry |1 pages
Benedetti, Giovanni Battista (1530–1590)
entry |1 pages
Berengario da Carpi, Giacomo (1460–1530)
entry |1 pages
Bernoulli, Jakob I (1654–1705)
entry |2 pages
Bernoulli, Johann I (1667–1748)
entry |2 pages
Biblical Chronology
entry |3 pages
Biblical Interpretation
entry |1 pages
Biringuccio, Vannoccio (1480–ca. 1540)
entry |2 pages
Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1571–1638)
entry |3 pages
Boerhaave, Hermann (1668–1738)
entry |1 pages
Book of Nature
entry |1 pages
Books of Secrets
entry |3 pages
Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679)
entry |3 pages
Botanical Gardens
entry |3 pages
Botany
entry |2 pages
Boulliau, Ismaël (1605–1694)
entry |4 pages
Boyle, Robert (1627–1691)
entry |5 pages
Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601)
entry |1 pages
Briggs, Henry (1561–1631)
entry |1 pages
Brouncker, William (1620–1684)
entry |1 pages
Brunfels, Otto (ca. 1489–1534)
entry |3 pages
Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600)
entry |1 pages
Buonamici, Francesco (ca. 1535–1603)
entry |1 pages
Bureau d'adresse
entry |1 pages
Bürgi, Joost (1552–1632)
entry |2 pages
Burnet, Thomas (ca. 1635–1715)
letter |104 pages
C
entry |1 pages
Cabala.
entry |1 pages
Calculating Machine
entry |4 pages
Calculus
entry |2 pages
Calendar Reform
entry |1 pages
Cambridge Platonists
entry |1 pages
Camera Obscura
entry |1 pages
Camerarius (Camerer), Rudolph Jacob (1665–1721)
entry |2 pages
Campanella, Tommaso (1568–1639)
entry |2 pages
Cardano, Girolamo (1501–1576)
entry |3 pages
Cartesianism
entry |3 pages
Cartography
entry |1 pages
Casa de la Contratación
entry |2 pages
Cassini, Gian Domenico (Jean-Dominique) (1625–1712)
entry |5 pages
Causality
entry |2 pages
Cavalieri, Bonaventura (1598–1647)
entry |1 pages
Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (née Lucas) (1623–1673)
entry |2 pages
Celestial Spheres
entry |2 pages
Cesalpino, Andrea (1519–1603)
entry |1 pages
Cesi.
entry |1 pages
Charleton, Walter (1620–1707)
entry |4 pages
Chemical Philosophy
entry |4 pages
Chemistry
entry |1 pages
Cimento.
entry |1 pages
Class.
entry |3 pages
Classification of the Sciences
entry |3 pages
Clavius, Christoph (1538–1612)
entry |1 pages
Clocks.
entry |2 pages
Clockwork Universe
entry |1 pages
Coiter, Volcher (1534–1576)
entry |1 pages
Collège Royal
entry |3 pages
Colleges of Physicians
entry |2 pages
Collegio Romano
entry |1 pages
Colombo, Realdo (ca. 1510–1559)
entry |3 pages
Color
entry |2 pages
Comets
entry |1 pages
Commandino, Federico (1509–1579)
entry |3 pages
Compass, Magnetic
entry |1 pages
Contagion.
entry |1 pages
Conway, Anne, Viscountess Conway (née Finch) (1631–1679)
entry |5 pages
Copernicanism
entry |10 pages
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543)
entry |1 pages
Corpuscularianism.
entry |4 pages
Correspondence Networks
entry |2 pages
Correspondences
entry |2 pages
Cosmic Dimensions
entry |2 pages
Cosmogony
entry |1 pages
Court Cultures.
entry |3 pages
Craftsman-and-Scholar Thesis
entry |3 pages
Crollius, Oswald (ca. 1560–1609)
entry |1 pages
Cross-Staff
entry |1 pages
Cudworth, Ralph (1617–1688)
letter |28 pages
D
entry |2 pages
Decimals
entry |1 pages
Dee, John (1527–1608)
entry |1 pages
Della Porta.
entry |2 pages
Demonstration
entry |6 pages
Descartes, René (1596–1650)
entry |2 pages
Dialectic
entry |2 pages
Diffraction
entry |1 pages
Digby, Kenelm (1603–1665)
entry |1 pages
Digges, Thomas (ca. 1546–1595)
entry |3 pages
Discourse, Styles of
entry |2 pages
Dissection
entry |1 pages
Dodoens, Rembert (1516–1585)
entry |2 pages
Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528)
entry |3 pages
Dynamics
letter |42 pages
E
entry |3 pages
Educational Reform
entry |1 pages
Electricity
entry |3 pages
Elements
entry |3 pages
Emblematics
entry |3 pages
Embryology
entry |3 pages
Empiricism
entry |1 pages
Encyclopedias
entry |1 pages
Ephemerides.
entry |4 pages
Epicureanism
entry |1 pages
Epigenesis
entry |2 pages
Ercker, Lazarus (ca. 1530–1594)
entry |3 pages
Ether
entry |2 pages
Etiology
entry |1 pages
Eustachio, Bartolomeo (ca. 1510–1574)
entry |7 pages
Experience and Experiment
entry |4 pages
Exploration and Discovery
letter |27 pages
F
entry |2 pages
Fabri, Honoré (1607–1688)
entry |2 pages
Fabrici, Girolamo (Fabricius ab Acquapendente) (ca. 1533–1619)
entry |2 pages
Falloppio, Gabriele (1523–1562)
entry |2 pages
Fermat, Pierre de (1601–1665)
entry |2 pages
Fermentation
entry |1 pages
Fernel, Jean François (1497–1558)
entry |2 pages
Flamsteed, John (1646–1719)
entry |2 pages
Fludd, Robert (1574–1637)
entry |2 pages
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757)
entry |3 pages
Force
entry |2 pages
Fortification
entry |3 pages
Fracastoro, Girolamo (ca. 1478–1553)
entry |2 pages
Fuchs, Leonhart (1501–1566)
letter |61 pages
G
entry |4 pages
Galenism
entry |10 pages
Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642)
entry |5 pages
Galileo and the Church
entry |1 pages
Gascoigne, William (ca. 1612–ca. 1644)
entry |4 pages
Gassendi, Pierre (1592–1655)
entry |1 pages
Gemma Frisius, Reiner (1508–1555)
entry |3 pages
Generation
entry |3 pages
Geography
entry |2 pages
Geoheliocentrism
entry |1 pages
Geology/Mineralogy
entry |1 pages
Geometry.
entry |2 pages
Gessner, Conrad (1516–1565)
entry |3 pages
Gilbert, William (1544–1603)
entry |1 pages
Glanvill, Joseph (1636–1680)
entry |1 pages
Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670)
entry |1 pages
Glisson, Francis (1597–1677)
entry |2 pages
Globes, Astronomical and Terrestrial
entry |2 pages
Government and Science
entry |1 pages
Graaf, Regnier de (1641–1673)
entry |1 pages
Gravitation.
entry |1 pages
Greenwich Observatory.
entry |1 pages
Gregory, David (1659–1708)
entry |1 pages
Gregory, James (1638–1675)
entry |2 pages
Gresham College
entry |2 pages
Grew, Nehemiah (1641–1712)
entry |2 pages
Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618–1663)
entry |2 pages
Guericke, Otto von (1602–1686)
entry |1 pages
Guinter of Andernach, Joannes (ca. 1505–1574)
entry |1 pages
Gunnery.
letter |59 pages
H
entry |3 pages
Halley, Edmond (ca. 1656–1743)
entry |1 pages
Harmonics.
entry |2 pages
Harriot, Thomas (ca. 1560–1621)
entry |1 pages
Hartlib, Samuel (ca. 1600–1662)
entry |5 pages
Harvey, William (1578–1657)
entry |2 pages
Heat
entry |3 pages
Helmont, Johannes Baptista van (1579–1644)
entry |1 pages
Herbals.
entry |4 pages
Hermetism
entry |2 pages
Hernández, Francisco (1515–1587)
entry |2 pages
Hevelius, Johannes (1611–1687)
entry |2 pages
Histories of Trades
entry |3 pages
Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679)
entry |4 pages
Hooke, Robert (1635–1703)
entry |4 pages
Horology
entry |2 pages
Horrocks, Jeremiah (1618–1641)
entry |7 pages
Humanism
entry |1 pages
Humors
entry |4 pages
Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695)
entry |3 pages
Hydraulics and Hydrostatics
entry |1 pages
Hydrostatics.
entry |4 pages
Hypothesis
letter |28 pages
I
entry |3 pages
Iatrochemistry
entry |2 pages
Iatromechanics
entry |2 pages
Ideology, Science as
entry |4 pages
Illustration
entry |2 pages
Impetus
entry |3 pages
Inertia
entry |1 pages
Infinitesimals
entry |2 pages
Infinity, Mathematical
entry |2 pages
Infinity of the World
entry |3 pages
Instrument Makers
entry |1 pages
Intelligencers.
entry |4 pages
Internalist/Externalist Historiography
letter |5 pages
J
entry |1 pages
Jesuits.
entry |4 pages
Journal des sçavans
letter |15 pages
K
entry |2 pages
Kabbalah
entry |7 pages
Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630)
entry |2 pages
Keplerianism
entry |2 pages
Kinematics
entry |2 pages
Kircher, Athanasius (1602–1680)
letter |41 pages
L
entry |4 pages
Laboratories
entry |1 pages
La Hire, Philippe de (1640–1718)
entry |1 pages
Langren, Michael Florent van (1598–1675)
entry |3 pages
Laws of Nature
entry |2 pages
Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van (1632–1723)
entry |4 pages
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716)
entry |2 pages
Lemery, Nicolas (1645–1715)
entry |3 pages
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
entry |1 pages
Libavius, Andreas (1540–1616)
entry |2 pages
Libraries
entry |3 pages
Light Transmission
entry |1 pages
Lincei.
entry |1 pages
Lister, Martin (1639–1712)
entry |5 pages
Literature
entry |3 pages
Locke, John (1632–1704)
entry |2 pages
Logarithms
entry |2 pages
Logic
entry |1 pages
Longomontanus.
entry |2 pages
Lower, Richard (1631–1691)
letter |111 pages
M
entry |3 pages
Macrocosm/Microcosmicrocosm
entry |1 pages
Maestlin, Michael (1550–1631)
entry |4 pages
Magic
entry |3 pages
Magic and the Scientific Revolution
entry |2 pages
Magini, Giovanni Antonio (1555–1617)
entry |3 pages
Magnetism
entry |2 pages
Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715)
entry |2 pages
Malpighi, Marcello (1628–1694)
entry |1 pages
Mapmaking.
entry |1 pages
Mariotte, Edmé (ca. 1620–1684)
entry |4 pages
Marxist Historiography
entry |2 pages
Mass
entry |1 pages
Mathematical Practitioners.
entry |5 pages
Mathematics
entry |8 pages
Matter
entry |1 pages
Maurolico, Francesco (1494–1575)
entry |2 pages
Mayow, John (1641–1679)
entry |3 pages
Measurement
entry |9 pages
Mechanical Philosophy
entry |6 pages
Mechanics
entry |5 pages
Medical Education
entry |5 pages
Medicine
entry |5 pages
Medieval Science and the Scientific Revolution
entry |1 pages
Menageries
entry |2 pages
Mercator, Gerard (1512–1594)
entry |1 pages
Mercator, Nicolaus (ca. 1619–1687)
entry |2 pages
Mersenne, Marin (1588–1648)
entry |1 pages
Meteorology
entry |2 pages
Microscope
entry |3 pages
Microscopy
entry |4 pages
Mining and Metallurgy
entry |2 pages
Mixed Sciences
entry |2 pages
Monte, Guidobaldo del (1545–1607)
entry |2 pages
Montmor Academy
entry |1 pages
More, Henry (1614–1687)
entry |5 pages
Motion
entry |3 pages
Museums and Collections
entry |3 pages
Music/Harmonics
letter |27 pages
N
entry |1 pages
Napier, John (1550–1617)
entry |3 pages
Natural History
entry |1 pages
Natural Laws.
entry |1 pages
Natural Theology.
entry |3 pages
Navigation
entry |4 pages
Neoplatonism
entry |2 pages
Neopythagoreanism
entry |1 pages
Newcastle, Duchess Of.
entry |10 pages
Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)
entry |2 pages
Novae
entry |2 pages
Nuñes, Pedro (1502–1578)
letter |13 pages
O
entry |3 pages
Observatoire de Paris
entry |1 pages
Oldenburg, Henry (ca. 1619–1677)
entry |5 pages
Optics
entry |2 pages
Ortelius, Abraham (1527–1598)
entry |1 pages
Oughtred, William (1575–1660)
entry |1 pages
Oxford Philosophical Society
letter |106 pages
P
entry |2 pages
Pacioli, Luca (ca. 1445–1517)
entry |3 pages
Paracelsus (ca. 1493–1541)
entry |2 pages
Parallax
entry |2 pages
Paré, Ambroise (ca. 1510–1590)
entry |3 pages
Pascal, Blaise (1623–1662)
entry |1 pages
Pathology.
entry |5 pages
Patronage
entry |3 pages
Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de (1580–1637)
entry |2 pages
Perspective
entry |1 pages
Petit, Pierre (ca. 1598–1677)
entry |1 pages
Petty, William (1623–1687)
entry |2 pages
Peurbach, Georg (1423–1461)
entry |2 pages
Pharmacology
entry |1 pages
Pharmacy
entry |3 pages
Philosophical Transactions
entry |5 pages
Physico-Theology
entry |7 pages
Physics
entry |2 pages
Physiology
entry |3 pages
Picard, Jean (1620–1682)
entry |1 pages
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–1494)
entry |1 pages
Platonism.
entry |2 pages
Plurality of Worlds
entry |1 pages
Pneuma
entry |6 pages
Pneumatics
entry |1 pages
Political Economy.
entry |2 pages
Political Theory
entry |3 pages
Popularization
entry |2 pages
Porta, Giambattista della (1535–1615)
entry |4 pages
Positivist Historiography
entry |1 pages
Power, Henry (1623–1668)
entry |1 pages
Praetorius (Richter), Johannes (1537–1616)
entry |1 pages
Precession
entry |2 pages
Preformation
entry |4 pages
Printing
entry |1 pages
Prisca theologia
entry |2 pages
Probability
entry |1 pages
Progress.
entry |1 pages
Proof.
entry |1 pages
Proportional Dividers
entry |1 pages
Protestantism.
entry |3 pages
Providence, Divine
entry |1 pages
Psychology
entry |10 pages
Ptolemaic Astronomy
entry |3 pages
Public Knowledge
entry |5 pages
Puritanism and Science
letter |6 pages
Q
entry |2 pages
Quadrant
entry |4 pages
Qualities
letter |59 pages
R
entry |2 pages
Ramelli, Agostino (1531–1590)
entry |2 pages
Ramus, Peter (1515–1572)
entry |2 pages
Ray, John (1620–1705)
entry |2 pages
Realism
entry |1 pages
Recorde, Robert (1510–1558)
entry |3 pages
Redi, Francesco (1626–1697)
entry |1 pages
Reflection
entry |2 pages
Reformation, Protestant
entry |3 pages
Refraction
entry |2 pages
Regiomontanus, Johannes (1436–1476)
entry |1 pages
Reinhold, Erasmus (1511–1553)
entry |8 pages
Religion and Natural Philosophy
entry |1 pages
Resolution and Composition
entry |4 pages
Revolutions in Science
entry |1 pages
Rheticus, Georg Joachim (1514–1574)
entry |4 pages
Rhetoric
entry |2 pages
Riccioli, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) (1598–1671)
entry |1 pages
Richer, Jean (1630–1696)
entry |2 pages
Roberval, Gilles Personne de (1602–1675)
entry |1 pages
Rohault, Jacques (1620–1675)
entry |1 pages
Römer, Ole Christensen (1644–1710)
entry |1 pages
Rondelet, Guillaume (1507–1566)
entry |2 pages
Rosicrucianism
entry |1 pages
Rothmann, Christoph (fl. 1555–1597)
entry |1 pages
Royal Academy of Sciences.
entry |3 pages
Royal Observatory at Greenwich
entry |6 pages
Royal Society of London
letter |70 pages
S
entry |2 pages
Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558)
entry |1 pages
Scheiner, Christoph (1573–1650)
entry |1 pages
Scholasticism.
entry |1 pages
Schooten, Frans van (ca. 1615–1660)
entry |6 pages
Scientific Revolution
entry |1 pages
Scientific Societies.
entry |2 pages
Secrets of Nature
entry |2 pages
Sennert, Daniel (1572–1637)
entry |1 pages
Series, Mathematical
entry |2 pages
Servetus, Michael (1511–1553)
entry |1 pages
Severin, Christian (Christen Sørensen; Longomontanus or Langberg) (1562–1647)
entry |3 pages
Sex and Gender
entry |1 pages
Shipbuilding
entry |1 pages
Signatures.
entry |3 pages
Skepticism
entry |1 pages
Slide Rule
entry |1 pages
Sluse, René-François de (1622–1685)
entry |1 pages
Snel (Snellius or Snel van Royen), Willebrord (1580–1626)
entry |2 pages
Social Class and Science
entry |2 pages
Society of Jesus
entry |1 pages
Soul
entry |6 pages
Space
entry |2 pages
Species
entry |2 pages
Spinoza, Benedict de (1632–1677)
entry |2 pages
Spirit
entry |2 pages
Spontaneous Generation
entry |1 pages
Stahl, Georg Ernst (1660–1734)
entry |1 pages
Statistics
entry |3 pages
Steno, Nicolaus (Niels Stensen) (1638–1686)
entry |2 pages
Stevin, Simon (1548–1620)
entry |3 pages
Stoicism
entry |3 pages
Styles of Science: National, Regional, and Local
entry |2 pages
Surgery
entry |3 pages
Surveying
entry |2 pages
Swammerdam, Jan (1637–1680)
entry |1 pages
Sydenham, Thomas (1624–1689)
entry |2 pages
Sylvius, Franciscus (Franz de le Boë) (1614–1672)
letter |36 pages
T
entry |3 pages
Taxonomy
entry |2 pages
Teleology
entry |4 pages
Telescope
entry |4 pages
Telescopic Astronomy
entry |1 pages
Telesio, Bernardino (1509–1588)
entry |1 pages
Theology.
entry |2 pages
Theories of the Earth
entry |3 pages
Theory
entry |2 pages
Thermoscope/Thermometer
entry |1 pages
Tides
entry |2 pages
Time
entry |3 pages
Torricelli, Evangelista (1608–1647)
entry |1 pages
Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de (1656–1708)
entry |1 pages
Towneley, Richard (1629–1707)
entry |3 pages
Translations
entry |2 pages
Trigonometry
entry |2 pages
Tyson, Edward (1650–1708)
letter |12 pages
U
entry |3 pages
Universal Languages
entry |3 pages
Universities
entry |3 pages
Uraniborg
entry |1 pages
Ursus (Bär), Nicolaus Raimarus (1551–1600)
entry |2 pages
Utopias
letter |24 pages
V
entry |1 pages
Vacuum.
entry |1 pages
Vacuum Pump.
entry |1 pages
Vallisneri, Antonio (1661–1730)
entry |1 pages
Valverde, Juan (ca. 1525–ca. 1588)
entry |1 pages
Van Helmont.
entry |1 pages
Van Leeuwenhoek.
entry |1 pages
Van Schooten.
entry |2 pages
Varignon, Pierre (1654–1722)
entry |1 pages
Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre (1633–1707)
entry |3 pages
Vesalius, Andreas (1514–1564)
entry |3 pages
Viète, François (1540–1603)
entry |1 pages
Virtuosi
entry |4 pages
Vision
entry |2 pages
Vitalism
entry |1 pages
Vives, Juan Luis (1492–1540)
entry |2 pages
Viviani, Vincenzio (1622–1703)
entry |2 pages
Void
letter |29 pages
W
entry |4 pages
Wallis, John (1616–1703)
entry |1 pages
Ward, Seth (1617–1689)
entry |4 pages
Warfare of Science and Theology
entry |1 pages
Wendelin, Gottfried (Vendelinus) (1580–1667)
entry |1 pages
Whiston, William (1667–1752)
entry |1 pages
White, Thomas (1593–1676)
entry |2 pages
Wilkins, John (1614–1672)
entry |2 pages
Willis, Thomas (1621–1675)
entry |1 pages
Willughby, Francis (1635–1672)
entry |1 pages
Witchcraft
entry |2 pages
Witt, Jan de (1625–1672)
entry |1 pages
Wittich, Paul (ca. 1546–1586)
entry |4 pages
Women and Natural Philosophy
entry |3 pages
Wren, Christopher (1632–1723)
entry |2 pages
Wright, Edward (1558–1615)
letter |5 pages
Z
entry |2 pages
Zabarella, Jacopo (1533–1589)
entry |3 pages
Zoology
