ABSTRACT
G. Ferrari's Philosophy of Revolution is the philosophy of a bankrupt revolution, the philosophy of Novara. It is the new obscurantist scepticism which thrusts itself forward with its blatant negations of God, of religion, of thought, and prepares the way for the positivist Babel. When in the logical course of its development positivism degenerated everywhere into materialism, Italian positivists straightway disclaimed the conclusions of the new doctrines, of which they disapproved. P. Villari enters into a controversy with the French materialists; A. Gabelli distinguishes between an old and a new positivism and declares his aversion to the latter. The most extravagant exaggerations of materialistic positivism are to be seen in the school of anthropology founded by Cesare Lombroso, the famous author of a series of books in which genius and crime are coupled together in a happy coincidentia oppositorum. The dualistic tendency of the Italian philosophy of the nineteenth century is epitomized in the names of Bonatelli, Cantoni and Acri.
