ABSTRACT
Student-engagement activities vary from country to country, but will this diversity continue to progress in the foreseeable future, or will student engagement ultimately converge on a single model? Finding the answer to this question is very important for those involved in student engagement as well as for those who will become involved in the future. The energy to reform student engagement sometimes comes from outside of the universities. This chapter refers to this energy as ‘external pressure’. Amongst the organisations spearheading this external pressure, may find government agencies, government-related agencies, and international organisations. The energy to reform student engagement sometimes comes from inside the universities. Suspect that the content and methods of the reforms differ depending on whether the internal pressure is led by students, teachers, or university executives. The energy driving the reform of student engagement sometimes comes from changes to the environment surrounding the universities.
