ABSTRACT
The fact that Sultan Mahmud made peace with England so early in 1809 is on the whole creditable to his foresight. Mahmud demanded that the river Pruth should be the boundary for the future, that is, that Moldavia and Wallachia should be restored to Turkey. The Czar replied by an angry refusal, and demanded the Sereth for a future boundary in Europe and the Phasis for Asia. Russia seems to have been willing to encourage the Christian elements in European Turkey and to use her own vested rights of interference in Servia and Moldo-Wallachia, to pursue a slow economic and political penetration of the outlying provinces of Turkey; but she meant to do nothing suddenly or by way of partition with other powers. Mehemet Ali sent his son, the famous Ibrahim Pasha, with an army trained on European lines. Mahmud seems to have feared revolt in Constantinople also, to judge from his repressive measures.
