ABSTRACT
Droplet size, surface tension, viscosity, density, turbidity, refractive index, friccohesity, phase separation, and pH measurements characterize a nanoemulsion. The droplet size distribution of nanoemulsion vesicles is measured by a light scattering technique, electron microscopy, or the survismeter. Contrary to w/o the o/w nanoemulsion is highly conducting, where the placement of water matters a lot. A sharp increase in conductivity in certain w/o nanoemulsions is seen at low volume fractions, and such behavior is interpreted as an indication of percolative behavior or exchange of ions between droplets before the formation of bicontinuous structures. The dielectric measurements depict both structural and dynamic features of nanoemulsions. The properties of a nanoemulsion are studied by measuring the interfacial tension using the survismeter. Nanoemulsions of soybean, sesame, and olive natural oils with nontoxic surfactant pluronic F-68 via ultrasound are useful for parenteral feeding. Lipid nanoemulsions have been widely explored for parenteral delivery of drugs.
