ABSTRACT
In 1932, Karen Horney was invited to the United States by Franz Alexander, a Hungarian with whom she had worked at the Berlin clinic. That Horney increasingly shifted the blame for neurosis from individual psychic development to environmental factors was bound to upset those Freudians who were in the process of exploring "ego psychology" to construct ever more complex models of the human psyche and to generalize from these to society at large. Soon after World War II, on both sides of the Atlantic, Freudians embarked on complex child studies, many of them financed by government agencies such as the National Institute of Mental Health. By the end of the 1960s feminists pointed to entrenched habits and inequalities, and a number of politicians started to represent feminist interests when it suited their purposes. Anna Freud maintained that as long as a child was dependent upon its parents there could be no viable transference and therefore no psychoanalysis.
