ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the relative importance of livestock production in centrally planned countries to international trade of grain and oilseeds, the basis for increasing trade dependence of centrally planned countries on western countries, and limitations to further growth in international trade. It presents an overview of: the model used to estimate feed/livestock sector relationships in centrally planned countries, and the application of the model to assess operation of the livestock/feed systems. Interrelationships between the feed and livestock sectors of centrally planned countries are evaluated with the use of an input-output model. Nutrient requirements are estimated separately for dairy versus beef cattle and for chicken layers versus those raised primarily for meat purposes. The Soviet Union in 1973 reversed prior policy of periodically reducing livestock inventories to adjust livestock production to short crop years and began importing large quantities of grain thereafter to maintain livestock production in shortfall years.
