ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes the social processes through which citizenship is constructed—that is, the ways in which the formally defined "subjects of law" actually become such—in social practices, institutional systems, and cultural representations. It deals with individuals who have formally recognized rights and obligations toward a nation-state. Corruption poses a different challenge and its victims are seldom directly identifiable, and solidarity with them is rarely an important motivation for collective action. The individual and interpersonal level, responsibility toward others is an inherent component of intergenerational relations. Patterns in the formation of responsibilities toward others vary across cultures, as do the content of responsibilities and the definition of the "moral tasks of responsibility." The key elements of the morality are a sense of responsibility toward others and of solidarity with those who suffer. In democratic theory, Judiciary and welfare institutions derive their power and legitimacy from their representativeness, from the power that citizens bestow on them.
