ABSTRACT
One of the most important of the changes was in the relation of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) to the peace movement. Many at the time saw the Congress for International Co-operation and Disarmament (CICD) in Melbourne as a turning point signalling a move in from the cold. One factor which diluted the CPA's influence was the growth of a small, non-aligned New Left, represented by Outlook, by the short-lived Socialist Forums from 1957, and by the later Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) groups. The CND groups suspected that CICD was an apologist for the socialist Bomb and retained its alignment to Soviet foreign policy. Although on the fringe, the CND groups were a more robust but integral form of the political culture of the peace movement. The peace conference held in Sydney in late 1964 was expected to reflect the relative independence of the NSW movement.
