ABSTRACT
The physiological model had a series of beautifully conceived, carefully planned, and splendidly executed equations that described the diffusion of fluids through the human body. The mathematical product is a numerical probability–utility score that has no direct clinical or intuitive meaning; but the probability–utility product scores associated with diverse outcomes are then folded back or arranged in various other ways. For the interventional decisions of patient care, the basic sciences are sometimes regarded as statistics, economics and sociology. Since physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology were historically derived from clinical medicine, many intellectual connections still remain; and the applications of these sciences can be meaningfully arranged. The set of 'basic' fields—in statistics, economics, and sociology—were developed on their own, however, without any direct relationship to clinical challenges. Clinicians should make use of all the effective consultative help they can get, but should not abandon fundamental challenges that require direct clinical solutions from wise clinical intellects.
