ABSTRACT
This chapter examines critically the array of new threats to European security emanating from the collapse of the USSR and its hegemony over Eastern Europe. It presents particular attention to the possibility of conservative reaction in the former Soviet Union in the context of a substantial remaining military potential; to regional conflict in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and its implications for the European and transatlantic security community and to the issue of nuclear proliferation. Many speak of a transition to regionalism and regional blocs as a consequence. Although one can easily question the likelihood of systemic conflict emanating from regional conflict in the former Soviet Union, the latter may nonetheless induce significant flows of migration. Perhaps the most prominent issue raised by those concerned about post-Soviet systemic instability is that of nuclear proliferation. The nonproliferation treaty regime has reduced the pace of nuclear proliferation.
