ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a general conceptual model for the operation of the surficial geomorphic processes, and the modification of these processes by surface mining activity. Extraction of minerals from the landscape's surface invariably upsets the general balance of geomorphic forces and landscape resistance. Vegetation cover plays a fundamental role in achieving parity between geomorphic force and landscape resistance. Climatic fluctuations simultaneously alter both vegetation cover and the magnitude of geomorphic force applications. The geomorphic significance of landscape disturbances is closely tied to the likely time periods separating the short-term positive feedbacks that act to accelerate erosion and the longer-term negative feedbacks leading to the reduction of relief and restablization of the landscape. The magnitude of the hillslope debris cascade is controlled by three general influences: vegetation cover, topography and soil characteristics. A reduction in infiltration caused by devegetation resulted in an increase in the magnitude of stream flow.
