ABSTRACT
The United Kingdom attempted to retain control of India in the face of active resistance after World War II. Indian soldiers again intervened during early July 1951 when Singh followers mounted renewed resistance. India occupied part of disputed Kashmir and formally incorporated it as a state of India. India and Pakistan disputed control of the Rann of Kutch as well as the state of Kashmir and Jammu after partition and independence in 1947. Smuggling across the Surma River helped to provoke minor incidents on the East Pakistan border also from early 1958, including small arms cross-border fire between Indian and Pakistani guards. On August 25 several hundred Chinese soldiers captured India's northeast border post at Longju where they remained until October 1962. Accession of Tripura to India in 1949 created problems due to old border disputes predating independence involving states that acceded to East Pakistan.
