ABSTRACT

Intertribal and ethnic disputes frequently precipitated international armed conflict within East Africa. France formally claimed Madagascar arid associated islands from 1642 but established effective dominion only after a major military campaign in 1895-1896. Violence between a privileged Tutsi minority and majority Hutu within Ruanda-Urundi led to Belgian military intervention during 1959-1962. The Anya-Nya War began within southern Sudan in 1963 and led to international armed conflict as early as 1964 due in part to rebel reliance upon bases within neighboring countries. In May 1968 Sudanese government troops again raided Ugandan border villages believed to support the Anya-Nya. In January 1971 disaffected elements of the Ugandan military displaced the government of Milton Obote and installed a regime under Idi Amin. Obote and a large number of followers, including some former Ugandan soldiers, took sanctuary within neighboring Tanzania. In 1969 Idi Amin overthrew the Milton Obote's government within Uganda.