ABSTRACT
This chapter describes three comparative criteria for assessment of national or sub-national programs: motivating issues, governance arrangements, and coastal management strategies. These criteria are followed by a discussion of conflicts and management techniques for dealing with these conflicts. The most notable coastal resources are fisheries, forests, wildlife habitat, hydrocarbons, and recreational quality beaches and shorelands. International comparison of coastal area management efforts reveals a pattern of similarity among the management strategies chosen by nations or sub-national units to implement their programs. The aggregation of coastal resources, development, hazards, and environmental and physical systems produces a concentration of conflicts among virtually all segments in society with a vested interest in coastal resources or environments. Management in the South necessarily involves influencing the behavior of hundreds of thousands of people; people whose behavior is not easily influenced by the conventional regulatory tools of coastal management.
