ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the common threads and differences found in the case studies. It deals with a summary of each case study; the complete version of each case can be found in the appendices. The chapter analyzes the objectives, instruments used and their application, and the effects of the coercion in each case. In September 1963, President Sukarno of Indonesia officially began a policy of Ganjung, or Crush Malaysia, as a response to the formation of the Federation of Malaysia. The United States had been supplying Indonesia with economic aid for ten years and attempted, through both the threat of aid termination and the promise of future aid, to coerce President Sukarno into negotiating a peaceful settlement with Malaysia. President Nasser’s behavior was linked with that of President Sukarno of Indonesia, who had told the United States earlier in the year to “go to hell” with its aid.
