ABSTRACT
Contrary to the globalist contention that interdependence is on the increase, Waltz argues that "interdependence is low and, if anything, is on the decrease." Drawing on the history of trade and investment since the end of the nineteenth century, he asserts that interdependence characterized much of the European state system before World War I. By contrast, the world today displays more independence and dependence. Furthermore, even the limited degree of interdependence that now exists is not necessary for peace.
