ABSTRACT
In 1957, the Indonesian Planned Parenthood Association came into being as a voluntary organisation mainly confined to the provision of family planning services in urban areas. A comparison of population programs in Asia has shown that the per capita average expenditure of the Indonesian program during 1970-1977 was 14 cents. Deliberate attempts to win over Islamic leaders were among the early actions taken by the new family planning program agencies set up by the government. BKKBN was set up as a coordinating board outside the Ministry of Health, Population and family planning were no longer interpreted as health problems in the narrow sense. In the Indonesian program, training had also been linked to performance appraisal. On the basis of field evidence and other reports, many experts have concluded that the allegation of coercion is exaggerated and that the Indonesian program's success is, on the whole, due to voluntary acceptance and participation.
