ABSTRACT
The undertaking of the Apollo lunar exploration program involved one of the major technological endeavors in the history of civilization. Apollo encompassed a broad spectrum of scientific, technological, social, and political forces as well as other activities that had to be integrated and focused towards a carefully articulated and well-supported goal. As impressive as the development and implementation of Apollo management philosophy and practices were, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) nevertheless owed as much to the experience of predecessor and contemporary organizations as it did to its own innovations. A major factor in Apollo's success was the generally strong support enjoyed from the beginning of the program right through to completion. NASA's emphasis on seeking and obtaining outstanding government, industry, research institute, and university personnel paid off time and again during the Apollo program. The management of Apollo relied heavily on effective communications and the rapid generation of technical and management information.
