ABSTRACT
The pro-Israel lobby in the United States is composed of at least seventy-five separate groups—Jewish and non-Jewish—which actively support most of the actions and policy positions of Israel's government. All mass-membership Jewish organizations are members of the Presidents Conference, with the exception of the American Jewish Committee and the Jewish Defense League. While the pro-Israel actions reflected Jewish outrage at the terrorist attacks, it is difficult to see how they could have had any significant effect on American policy. Some major dimension of pro-Israel activity after October 1973 has been to uncover and counter alleged anti-Semitism resulting from the war and the Arab oil embargo. The increasing isolation of Israel in the United Nations since October 1973 has provoked continued reactions from pro-Israel groups and has been one area where the pro-Israel lobby has had a visible effect on American policy.
