ABSTRACT
Civil-military partnerships may come into being either by civilian rulers asking soldiers to participate in government or by soldiers inviting civilian politicians to join them. Their relations differ perceptibly in the some types of arrangements. Military rulers, it is true, invariably appeal to civilians to help run governments; commonly they are technicians expressly assigned such tasks as managing foreign affairs, finance, communications, and education. The civil-military partnerships in Algeria and Pakistan shattered in essentially the same way. In each it was the commander-in-chief who seized power, and, with a loyal military establishment behind him, neither man was distracted by an immediate need to cleanse his military house by removing potentially disloyal officers. The transformation of Pakistan’s martial law regime into a constitutional one after forty-four months appeared to repeat the Egyptian pattern. The military intrusion into politics in Turkey ran a course parallel to that in Pakistan.
