ABSTRACT
Thomas Fingar did well to identify the six types of problems—attitudinal, organizational, technical, manpower, managerial, and financial—that must be overcome in order for the Chinese to promote and profit from advances in industrial technology. China has never advocated total autarchy; rather policy shifts have altered the scale on which China has imported technology from abroad. At bottom, the question of self-reliance is really a semantic one. The capability of making autonomous decisions exists as strongly in China as it ever has. Fingar treated two types of Chinese science and technology policies: those involving technology transfer from abroad and those involving domestic technological innovation. Regarding the generation of domestic technological innovation, Genevieve C. Dean makes a fundamental distinction between incremental innovation and radical innovation. Labor-saving techniques imported from abroad can only undercut Chinese efforts to keep employment up.
