ABSTRACT
Historically one would have expected pan-Africanism to start from the smaller units of the sub-continent south of the Sahara, and then move outwards to encompass north Africa, and then ultimately re-establish contact with the Black Diaspora. Trans-Saharan pan-Africanism, by linking black Africa with the Arabs, may be laying the foundations of an Afro-Arab economic and industrial partnership in the future. The blacks of South Africa have often been denied not only the right to emigrate to other lands, but even the right of movement from one part of the same country to another, or one section of the same city to another. Pan-Africanism as a movement for greater political and economic integration has had a much less impressive record even just south of the Sahara. French-speaking Africa also witnessed fluctuating fortunes in its quest for greater integration. Organizational and functional experiments had their ups and downs.
