ABSTRACT
Advancements in tissue-culture technology have enabled testing of a wide range of organs and tissues for storage in liquid nitrogen. Research on improving bioreactors for somatic embryogenesis has been reported for various plant species even though the application of bioreactors has been directed mainly for cell suspension cultures and production of secondary metabolites. However, great interest has been taken for the development of alternatives to the intact plant for the generation of plant secondary metabolites. Originally, it centred on the application of tissue and cell cultures. Information on the application of bioreactors as a system for plant propagation through the organogenic pathway, though limited to a few plant species, has been applied to many ornamental, vegetable, and fruit crop plants. Bioreactors are currently being used in the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Cuba, Costa Rica, Holland, Spain, Belgium, and France for commercially micropropagating ornamental and bulbous plants, pineapple, potato, and forest trees.
