ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the technological advantage of the microalgae growth in wastewater, which offers the twin benefits of growing biomass for bioremediation of wastewater and production of biofuel. Microalgae groups consist of a large group of photoautotrophic organisms that have extraordinary potential for cultivation as energy crops. A wide variety of industrial wastewater can be utilized for algal growth, which also helps in the mitigation of greenhouse gas, that is, CO2 present in the atmosphere. Some of the microalgae can fix atmospheric nitrogen gas for their own use by nitrogen fixation process. There are various cultivation systems available for production of biomass feedstock from microalgae, and they are based on environmental conditions. These systems include open pond system, closed pond system, wastewater, and marine environment. Flocculation technique is employed for the separation of algal biomass from aqueous medium by using certain chemicals, which allows lump formation by algal biomass.
