ABSTRACT
The integration of membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) with wastewater treatment provides an opportunity to produce energy as well as treat wastewater without membranes. Countries are making efforts to obtain a sustainable solution against energy crisis and pollution. Renewable energy such as solar energy, waste-to-energy, wind energy, bio-energy, and small hydro energy are being adopted widely as a sustainable tool. The process involves oxidation of organic matter by microorganisms, while resulting electrons from their metabolism are transferred to an electrode. The MFC device treats organic pollutants present in wastewater with the help of microbial communities and reduces up to 90% of the chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of wastewater. Microorganisms are the main driver of power production and degradation of organic substances; hence microbial inoculums are one of the major requirements for MFC system. New researches have proved that fuel cell will be the promising technology for upcoming future having the possibility of new dimension of research.
