ABSTRACT
In addition to the ongoing threats of violent extremism, terrorism, war, and social upheaval in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), coming to grips with the challenges of food security, water shortage, migrant workers, and climate change has never been more essential in the region. Although the MENA region has an abundance of high-value resources such as oil and gas, it seriously suffers from constrained renewable resources such as water and arable land, which are crucial to a secure, sustainable, and stable region over time. The region also faces massive environmental challenges of water scarcity, desertification, and land degradation, rendering the threat of global climate change all the more menacing.
