ABSTRACT
Angiosperm flowers are morphologically complex constructs in which floral features such as colour, shape, nectar, and scent work alone or in combination to attract and manipulate pollinators in favour of the plants’ sexual reproduction (Willmer, 2011). Deceptive plants evolved fascinating traits to earn reproductive success without providing a reward. Most sophisticated are trap flowers, which evolved several times independently in angiosperms. They often have a complex and striking morphology, and floral scent is assumed to attract the pollinators from a distance (Heiduk, 2017). One of the most species-rich genera with deceptive trap flowers is Ceropegia. It covers more than 200 species, mainly distributed in Old World (sub)tropical habitats, and all species studied so far are pollinated by Diptera, such as Ceratopogonidae, Chloropidae, and Milichiidae.
