ABSTRACT
Fibers exist in some soft tissues. This chapter presents three ways to model fiber enhancement: standard fiber enhancement, mesh-independent fiber enhancement, and material models that include fiber enhancement. Both standard fiber enhancement and mesh-independent fiber enhancement have similar modeling procedures, except that mesh-independent fiber enhancement creates mesh with MESH200 to generate MESH200 elements, which are independent of the base elements. The intervertebral disc (IVD) model was based on both standard fiber enhancement and mesh-independent fiber enhancement to obtain consistent results. Compared to standard fiber enhancement, mesh-independent fiber enhancement has much wider applications because practical models are always meshed irregularly. Different from these two ways, the anisotropic material model with fiber enhancement defines fiber enhancement in the governing equation. It was applied to study the anterior cruciate ligament successfully.
