ABSTRACT
Modelling and simulation are widely used to study an internal combustion (IC) engine under a wide operating range. Modelling is based on the laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and chemical kinetics and makes use of comprehensive databases of engine parameters such as fuel properties, friction coefficients and piping parameters. Modelling of engines has been classified into a zero-dimensional, phenomenological model, a quasi-dimensional model and a multi-dimensional model. On the basis of requirements, any one-dimensional modelling could be chosen. Zerodimensional models are used for the analysis of engine processes mostly using thermodynamic and basic conservation laws, whereas phenomenological and quasi-dimensional models provide better accuracy by analysis with additional details such as piston geometry and spark plug position. Among the models, multi-dimensional modelling is more accurate as it includes the effect of flow on the engine cylinder and combustion chamber geometry. The three-dimensional model takes a large amount of time to give the solution. However, in the computer era, it can be processed with greater speed using a high-speed computational machine. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software has mainly three parts, namely, pre-processor, solver and postprocessor. Pre-processor defines the plenum of the analysis. Solver solves the equation and post-processor facilitates post-processing.
