ABSTRACT
Owing to the broad application of tailored nanostructured materials at the molecular level in the biomedical •eld, more and more scientists, especially chemists and biochemists, have focused on the design and fabrication of these materials in recent years. Among the available techniques, three methodologies, Langmuir-Blodgett deposition [1,2], self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [3-5], and layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly [6], are dominantly used to prepare these materials. Even though both the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and SAMs have exhibited great capability to fabricate tailored nanostructured •lms and tissues in biochemical applications [3,4,7], some intrinsic drawbacks limit the application of these two techniques in biochemistry. The instrumental requirement for the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is relatively expensive, and another disadvantage is that it takes a long period of time to fabricate nanostructured •lms. In addition, the request for amphiphilic molecules as assembly reactants also narrows the selection of biomolecules in this technique. Considering the nature of SAMs, not only the employed number of substrate types is limited, but the instability of fabricated •lms also limits the application of SAMs in biology.
