ABSTRACT
The embryological characteristics of various species and forms of water chestnut are sufficiently similar. The first-formed fruits escape destruction. The seeds are embryologically normal and able to germinate. In modern times, relicts often find themselves in quite a different environment from what they inhabited in the remote past. That is why the study of limits of plasticity and tolerance in their reproductive systems, and their development of living strategies in the course of settling of various ecological niches, are of interest from the point of view of general biology and merit the working out of approaches to study them. A number of peculiarities of reproductive biology are characteristic of the Ceratophyllaceae. In connection with high specialization, associated with aquatic mode of life and practical importance of submerged aquatic plants the study of their reproductive strategy is of great interest. Plant reproductive processes are connected with energy expenditure for production of Diasporas.
