ABSTRACT
Pretreatment of textiles is the first process involved in textile wet processing, and its aim is to remove natural impurities and other impurities, such as sizing agents and oil residues that are added or stained during the fabric manufacturing process. Removal of these impurities enhances water penetration and thus the fabric’s wettability, thereby improving the subsequent colouration (dyeing or printing) and finishing processes that are carried out to achieve the desired properties and end uses of the textile fabric (Leung, Lo, and Yeung 1996).
