ABSTRACT
The benefits of 3D surface scanning include its ability to save a surface scan of an object for future processing and verification, reduction of human error associated with manual anthropometric data collection, allowing for measurements to be obtained from them at a later time, and reduction in experiment time so as not to impede on the subject’s time or time with the hardware/object. The scans also allow for surface area or volumetric data to be obtained, via post-processing. The benefits of surface area and volumetric anthropometric data to represent the variations in shape and size of human body can eventually enable designers and developers to enhance the overall accommodation, fit, and comfort for a wide range of population
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 127 6.2 Background of 3D Scanning ......................................................................... 128 6.3 3D Scanning Systems ................................................................................... 129
6.3.1 Types of Scanning Systems .............................................................. 130 6.3.1.1 Stereophotogrammetry ...................................................... 130 6.3.1.2 White-Light Scanning ....................................................... 130 6.3.1.3 Laser Scanning .................................................................. 130 6.3.1.4 Millimeter-Wave Scanners ................................................. 131
6.4 Selecting 3D Scanners .................................................................................. 131 6.5 Basic Processing ........................................................................................... 132
6.5.1 Calibration ........................................................................................ 133 6.5.2 Mesh Regularization ......................................................................... 133 6.5.3 Hole Filling ....................................................................................... 134 6.5.4 Body Segmentation ........................................................................... 135
6.6 Anthropometry ............................................................................................. 136 6.6.1 Linear Measurement ......................................................................... 137 6.6.2 Surface Curve Measurement ............................................................ 137 6.6.3 Shape Analysis .................................................................................. 138 6.6.4 Overlay (Superimposing) .................................................................. 138 6.6.5 Mass Properties ................................................................................ 140
6.7 Dynamics and Animation ............................................................................. 140 6.8 Summary ...................................................................................................... 142 Questions ................................................................................................................ 142 References .............................................................................................................. 142
as well as to improve the ability to customize for individual needs. In contrast to traditional anthropometric data and databases, 3D scan information can benefit better analytical capabilities; for instance, with traditional anthropometric information as in a tabular form, it is difficult to create a specific individual based on his or her own anthropometry. The reason for this is that in a tabular form, anthropometric data become generic or percentile based and thus it is not possible to recreate a specific individual from a generic tabular data. This is not the case with 3D scan data. It is possible to create shapes and sizes that are representative of the specific individual. Even if one were to extract mere linear dimensions from the scanned image, it is quite possible to retrieve the scanned image of that specific individual and use the shape of that individual as the need arises. There are basic issues associated with extracting data from the 3D scan data. In this chapter, we will discuss the basics of 3D scanning and the ways to process 3D scan data.
