ABSTRACT
The needs of modern health care, biomedicine, ecology, and the food industry determine the wide range of chemical and biologically active compounds (BAC) we need to research, from simple substances (such as salts of heavy metals and glucose) to antibiotics, antitumor drugs, enzymes, mutagens, poisons, toxins, and so forth, with the help of new, inexpensive, and speci„c diagnostic test systems within the framework of a new rapidly developing area of science called analytical biotechnology [1]. One of the achievements of analytical biotechnology is the creation of biosensors [2]. The concept of biosensors was „rst put forward by L. Clark and C. Lyons in 1962 [3]. Clark, an American scientist working at a clinical laboratory, decided to integrate a highly speci„c enzymatic system with a sensitive electrochemical transducer in a simple device called an “enzyme electrode” [3].
