ABSTRACT
Recent advances in nanotechnology have strongly influenced environmental research, resulting in two opposite strands of research. Some research groups are focusing on the utilization of nanomaterials in environmental applications, whereas others are studying the potential toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) on ecosystems and
11.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 385 11.2 Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation ........................................ 386
11.2.1 Decontamination Using Nanomaterials ........................................... 386 11.2.2 Iron-Based Nanomaterials ................................................................ 386 11.2.3 Photocatalysts ................................................................................... 391
11.2.3.1 Noble Metal Deposition ..................................................... 393 11.2.3.2 Doping................................................................................ 394 11.2.3.3 Coupled Metal Oxides ....................................................... 395 11.2.3.4 Hybridization with C60 Fullerenes and CNTs .................... 395
11.3 Environmental Nanobiosensors .................................................................... 396 11.3.1 Monitoring of Environmental Pollution Using Nanobiosensors ...... 396 11.3.2 The Use of Aptamers and Nanomaterials for Constructing
Environmental Nanobiosensors ........................................................ 399 11.3.3 Aptamer-Based Nanobiosensors for Heavy Metal Detection ........... 401 11.3.4 Aptamer-Based Nanobiosensors for Pathogen Detection .................402