ABSTRACT
When the evaporation rate is extremely high, there is only a limited time for the atoms/molecules on the surface to rearrange and combine to form a cluster called an island. Hence, rapidly deposited lms initially contain
a large number of small islands, whereas slowly deposited lms contain a few large islands. As the average thickness increases, the distance between the islands decreases and eventually a continuous lm is produced if the growth is allowed to continue for a sufcient period. Films grown with fast evaporation may not have smooth surfaces.
