ABSTRACT
Many engineers and quality personnel are employed in organizations which are engaged in endeavors relating to the manufacture and delivery of product or the delivery of service. In the product-related industries there are often many layers of management, and there is a variety of endeavors ranging from the design and development of product, through the stages of procurement, manufacturing, test ing, packaging, shipping, sale, installation, and service. Service industries include those to maintain a product or the delivery of service, such as electricity, mainte nance, washing, or medical.
