ABSTRACT
The fundamental objective of a structural design procedure is to address both the load resistance and intended functionality along with the margin of safety (Freudenthal and Gaither, 1969; Abrahamsen, 1976). It is necessary to ensure that the chosen structural geometry must also fit the serviceability criteria during normal use. The limit state of design for marine structures is explained in terms of the following limit states:
a. The ultimate limit state refers to the maximum load-carrying capacity with excessive yielding, which transforms the structure into a mechanism. Buckling may occur due to elastic or elastic-plastic instability, which will lead to loss of equilibrium of the complete structure.
