Characteristic features of water motion in the near-surface layer of the ocean

It should be noted that the following conditions, practically unrealizable in the ocean, have been mentioned above intentionally: (1) realization of a stationary state, (2) the absence of tidal currents, and (3) the absence of wind and internal waves. These inevitable reservations are necessary in order, for simplicity, to start our discussion on a most elementary basis, gradually adding pertinent complications.