ABSTRACT

An increasing number of failures in the clinical stages of drug

development has been the result of the effects of candidate drugs in

a subgroup of patients rather than the “average” person. Therefore,

a better understanding of the issue of variability and identification

of covariates that determine the exposure of the candidate drugs

in individuals may reduce drug attrition rates in the discovery and

development stages. This knowledge may also speed up the process

of moving toward personalized medicine.