ABSTRACT
Various inventors(https://www.mritechnicianschools.org/twelve-amazing-robots-that-are-revolutionizing-medicine/)Between 1980 and 2000, high-resolution imaging devices, in particular, radiographic and fluoroscopic units, became more commonly used in hospitals and clinics. Devices designed for the real-time monitoring of cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure were part of the standard equipment. Moreover, there was no effective treatment for some of the diseases such as chronic kidney failure until dialysis machines were used to greatly improve their quality of life. Computerized axial scanners (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become crucial tools in medical imaging to supplement X-rays and ultrasound for screening disease such as patients with a high risk of colon cancer.It is estimated that approximately 50,000 people died because of the human error [3]. From 2000 onward, robotics became a reality
and began to be used in clinical procedures where extreme precision is critical. For example, a minor error in neurosurgery will lead to paralysis. NeuroArm combines MRI and a surgical robot to perform microsurgery and biopsy-stereotaxy with high precision [4]. Another advantage is that remote-controlled surgery is possible if the doctor is not next to the patient. Da Vinci Surgical System has developed over 100 devices so that surgeons can remotely access the machine and perform surgery such as double vessel bypass surgery in the human heart [5]. 7.2 Biomedical Market EnvironmentAging population, enhanced awareness of the patients, and improved quality of the medical system are the driving forces for the continued demand and growth of the medical device industry in Asia. HSBC’s “The Future of Retirement” report estimates that the number of people aged 65 or older will reach 1.4 billion by 2050. The United Nations also predicts that the number of people aged 60 or older will reach 2 billion by 2050, representing 32% of the world’s population. For example, in China, 25% of the population will be over 65 by 2050. In Japan, 35.6% of the population will be over 65 by 2050. Standard & Poor’s (S&P) reported that 80% of the older individuals suffer from at least one of the chronic health conditions, such as arthritis and cataracts [6, 7]. Therefore, there is a strong need and market to develop technologies to better diagnose disease and improve the treatment for the aging population. The global medical devices industry has generated revenues in excess of $300 billion in 2011 worldwide [8]. Despite the fact that Asia has more than 60% of the world’s population, the healthcare expenses constitute about 15% of the global healthcare expenditure. This suggests that there is an enormous upside potential in the Asian market to improve the healthcare system possibly by better diagnosis and treatment using advanced medical devices. For example, China’s import of US medical devices has increased steadily, and it is the second largest market for US medical devices after Japan, with 1.5 billion US medical devices imported in 2008 [9].
