ABSTRACT
The reciprocal effects of the interactions between nutrition and infection are being increasingly recognized in the past few decades, especially in children.1 At present, it is understood that malnutrition and infection interact in a complex and synergistic way1-3 (Figure 14.1). The complex interactions between nutrition and infection affect humans at genetic, molecular, microbiological, physiological, epidemiological, and
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 333 Effects of Acute and Chronic Infection on Growth and Development .................. 335
Ontogeny of the Circle of Malnutrition and Infection ...................................... 336 Fetal Period .................................................................................................. 336 Newborn and Infant ...................................................................................... 337 Children and Adolescents ............................................................................. 338 Failure to Thrive and Hindered Development .............................................. 338 Immune Weakness and Recurrence of Infections......................................... 339
Cachexia, Chronic Diseases, and Immune Compromise ..................................340 Adaptive Mechanisms of Disease Tolerance and Alterations in the Microbiota ... 342
Pathogen/Disease Tolerance ......................................................................... 342 Alterations in the Microbiota ....................................................................... 343
Environmental Hostility, Undernutrition, and Infection ...................................344 Effects of Acute and Chronic Infection on Nutrient Availability and Utilization ...345
