ABSTRACT
The study of nutrition has progressed from being essentially a study of epidemiology and physiology to discerning the molecular mechanisms for nutrient effects and responses. Macronutrients and micronutrients previously considered as fuel for energy or cofactors, respectively, are now considered potent signals that inuence the expression of genes, proteins, and metabolites of the cells, tissues, and ultimately the whole organism. This study of the molecular effects of nutrients has been facilitated signicantly by the availability of high-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics (microarrays, whole-exome sequencing, and RNAseq), proteomics, and metabolomics. This concept is depicted in Figure 16.1.
