ABSTRACT
Questions about how forests might respond to climate change are often addressed through planning, prediction, and modeling at the landscape scale. A recent synthesis of climate-change impacts on forest management and policy found that the earth is warmer than it has been in the recent past, and that 11 of the last 12 years rank among the 12 warmest since 1850 (Solomon et al. 2007). Projections are that global average surface temperatures will be 3.25-7.2°F warmer at the end of the this century, and the concern is that this will lead to an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disturbances such as wildfires, insect outbreaks, and disease epidemics (Dale et al. 2001; Malmsheimer et al. 2008).
