ABSTRACT
This chapter shows that extreme conditions research has flourished over the last decades and continues to grow at third-generation synchrotron facilities. This is particularly true as we are able to collect diffraction images in less than one second due to decreased emittance of the new third-generation storage rings and improved focusing devices. With the advent of the even more powerful XFELs, in the near future, time-resolved experiments will take a more prominent role in extreme conditions research and allow us to explore dynamic regimes of extreme conditions so that we can probe matter at ever higher pressures and temperatures.
