ABSTRACT
As outlined in the fi rst chapter, GIS are getting pride of place in addressing strategic applications where data are structured as multi-layered themes in the database. GIS also offer numerous functionalities as collecting, analyzing and displaying data. GIS has proven its effi ciency by solving different kinds of problems in different application domains which made it so popular and widespread. However, the future of GIS is full of challenges. One big challenge is the complex nature of some strategic problems that GIS
must deal with and with which it often shows its limitations. In order to avoid such situations, the use of GIS must be consolidated.
