ABSTRACT
In the resource-rich world, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare but serious conditions; however, worldwide their cumulative morbidity and mortality is considerable. Meningitis is divided into acute and chronic forms. The clinical features of acute meningitis develop over hours or days; those of chronic meningitis over weeks or months. The treatment of bacterial meningitis requires the prompt administration of antibiotics that achieve high levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Meningitis is often a complication of a primary respiratory or ear infection, which is frequently acquired from another family member with a similar illness, and begins insidiously with drowsiness or irritability. Risk factors for infection include: postoperative CSF leak, the presence of intraventricular haemorrhage, young age, shunting for neurocysticercosis, site of drainage, breach of sterile field and operator experience. Blood cultures should be obtained from all patients with suspected pyogenic CNS infections.
